Desperate to get to Europe

By Maria Kotrotsiou from E-SCHOOL

The Mediterranean Sea has emerged as a significant transit route for refugees and immigrants who are trying to reach Europe. In search of a more secure living, better economic opportunities, and safety, the number of individuals risking their lives to cross the sea has increased significantly in the region over the years. Nevertheless, this expedition is perilous, resulting in the loss of numerous lives. This article investigates the factors that motivate this migration, the routes that are employed, the obstacles encountered, and the consequences for Europe.

Throughout the years, a variety of factors have motivated migrants and refugees to attempt to traverse the Mediterranean borders. The primary causes are political instability and conflicts, economic hardship, climate change, and the establishment of smuggling networks that exploit their desperation.

Smugglers use different routes but few of them are well established and known to the authorities due to their frequent use but also due to their dangerous nature. The Eastern Mediterranean Route is known to be used mainly by migrants from Afghanistan and Syria trying to flee to Greece. It is a very common route due to the short distance. The second and most hazardous route in the Central Mediterranean Route, primarily used by migrants from Libya and Tunisia trying to reach Italy. The strong currents, the depth of the sea but also the long distance in this part of Mediterranean make this the deadliest route. The third most common route is the Western Mediterranean route, crossing from Morocco to Spain and Canary Islands.

Numerous incidents have transpired solely in 2024, as evidenced by the responsible parties who are currently conducting investigations.

The Mauritanian coastguard recovered the bodies of 25 individuals and reported that 190 individuals were missing on July 24, 2024. The Canary Islands were the final destination, and it is estimated that over 300 individuals were on board.

In June, a boat attempted to reach Lampedusa Island in Italy, resulting in the disappearance of over 50 individuals and the declaration of 10 as deceased. Lampedusa Island is estimated to receive over 1000 migrants daily, with a staggering figure of 127,000 migrants estimated to have arrived within the past year.

The urgent necessity for a coordinated international response is underscored by the increasing mortality toll and the increasing number of immigrants crossing the Mediterranean. The crisis emphasises the necessity of solidarity and collaboration between the international community and European nations in order to safeguard the rights of migrants and refugees and safeguard human life.